Madame Restell  1812-1878

A British-born midwife, Madame Restell (Ann Trow Lohman) was an early abortion provider who practiced in New York City. When she still lived in England, she traveled to France to study under her relative, and she learned about midwifery and women’s diseases. She moved to Manhattan and launched a business selling pills, powders, and pamphlets on reproductive health. With her husband, they expanded their business, performing surgical abortions on a sliding scale or connecting women to surgeons who would perform the surgery. Abortions were outlawed by the state of New York in 1845 and Madame Restell faced legal issues for many of her later years.

Saltmarsh Sparrow populations have declined an estimated 9% per year between 1998 and 2012, indicating an overall loss of 75% of the global population.